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HISTOLOGY - -  BIOL 530 / ANAT 702

Practice Lecture Exam # 2   (Spring 2002)

The following questions are not meant to be all-inclusive for the material covered for the first exam, but are designed to provide you with an idea of the types of questions you will encounter. You should be able to answer these in less than 1 minute per question.

True or False:

  1. The inner lining of the ventricles of the heart is termed the endocardium, which in the human heart includes endothelium, connective tissue and some smooth muscle cells.
  2. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and delivers it into the systemic circulation via the aorta.
  3. The cardiac (fibrous) skeleton provides attachment for the atrioventricular valves.
  4. The Purkinje fibers are specialized cardiac muscle cells that are part of the conduction system in the heart.
  5. In large veins, the tunica media is the thickest layer consisting primarily of numerous elastic lamellae.
  6. The tunica adventitia of blood vessels is the outermost layer consisting primarily of connective tissue.
  7. Endothelial cells lining larger arteries are part of the tunica intima.
  8. One difference between arterioles and small arteries is the absence of an internal elastic membrane in the small arteries.
  9. Pericytes are often associated with small capillaries and appear to be differentiated macrophages that engulf foreign material transversing the capillary wall.
  10. . The capillary wall is made up of a tunica intima containing a single layer of endothelial cells and a tunica media containing 3-6 layers of smooth muscle cells.
  11. . The migration of white blood cells across the wall of postcapillary venules in the lymph node is termed diapedesis.
  12. . Lymphatic capillaries tend to be significantly less permeable than similarly sized blood capillaries.
  13. . The cell-mediated immune response is primarily through B lymphocytes.
  14. . Platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes and are involved in clot formation.
  15. . Monocytes are the largest of the white blood cells in a blood smear and are the precursors of many types of tissue macrophages.
  16. . The framework of the thymus is largely made up of epithelioreticular cells.
  17. . The muscularis externa of the upper portion of the esophagus consists of smmoth muscle.

 

    Multiple Choice

18.    One major protein of plasma that is involved in blood clotting:

    1. Fibrinogen
    2. Albumin
    3. Immunoglobulin
    4. Spectrin

19.    Of the cells listed below, which are typically the least abundant in blood:

    1. Red blood cells
    2. Lymphocytes
    3. Neutrophils
    4. Basophils

20.    Which of the following cell types are phagocytic and are involved in the early phases of an inflammatory reaction:

    1. Erythrocytes
    2. B Lymphocytes
    3. Neutrophils
    4. Basophils
    5. Platelets

21.    Which of the following cell types are functionally related to mast cells in that they release histamine and other vasoactive substances:

    1. Erythrocytes
    2. Neutrophils
    3. Basophils
    4. Monocytes
    5. Megakaryocytes

22.    One distinction between a primary and secondary lymph nodule is the presence of:

    1. A connective tissue capsule
    2. Small lymphocytes
    3. A germinal center
    4. Afferent lymphatic vessels

23.    T lymphocytes tend to be most abundant in which of the following regions of the lymph node:

    1. Capsule
    2. Cortex
    3. Paracortex
    4. Medullary cords

24.    Most lymphocytes tend to enter the lymph node via:

    1. Afferent lymphatic vessels
    2. Efferent lymphatic vessels
    3. Postcapillary venules
    4. Central veins

25.    The primary function of the lymph node is:

    1. Destruction of damaged red blood cells
    2. Recycling of red blood cell products (iron…)
    3. Filtration of lymph
    4. Development and proliferation of Kupffer cells

26.    Lymphocytes aggregated around the central arteries in the spleen constitute the:

    1. Red Pulp
    2. Periarterial lymphatic sheath
    3. Central lobule
    4. Splenic cords
    5. Splenic reticulum

27.    Which of the following cell types can be found within the splenic cords:

    1. Reticular cells
    2. Erythrocytes
    3. Macrophages
    4. Lymphocytes
    5. All of the above

28.    Large dome-shaped projections just in front of the sulcus terminalis on the dorsal surface of the tongue are termed:

    1. Foliate papillae
    2. Filliform papillae
    3. Foliate Papillae
    4. Circumvallate papillae

29.    The lining mucosa of the oral cavity contains which type of epithelium:

    1. Simple columnar
    2. Simple squamous
    3. Stratified squamous
    4. Stratified cuboidal
    5. Pseudostratified columnar

30.    Which of the following cell types are not found in the taste bud:

    1. Basal cells
    2. Sustentacular or supporting cells
    3. Bipolar sensory cells
    4. Pericytes

31.    Which of the following statements regarding the enamel of the tooth is not true:

    1. The enamel is produced by ameloblasts
    2. The enamel is composed of mesenchymal cells surrounded by a mineralized matrix similar in appearance to bone
    3. The Lines of Retzius are striations in enamel that represent rhythmic growth in enamel
    4. Just beneath the enamel in the mature tooth is the dentin

32.    Dentin in the tooth is produced by which of the following cell types:

    1. Ameloblasts
    2. Odontoblasts
    3. Dentocytes
    4. Sharpey’s cells

33.    Nerves and blood vessels enter the pulp cavity via the:

    1. Pulpal horn
    2. Periodontal fissure
    3. Apical foramen
    4. Pulp caries

34.    Acini in salivary glands that have large, empty-appearing cells with basally-located flattened nuclei are:

    1. Mucous
    2. Serous
    3. Demilunar
    4. Bucal

35.    Ducts within salivary glands that are lined by a simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium whose cells have abundant basal infoldings:

    1. Intercalated ducts
    2. Striated ducts
    3. Excretory (Interlobular) ducts
    4. Mighty ducts

36.    Groups of nerve fibers and ganglionic cells that are typically found between the muscle layers of the muscularis externa of the digestive tract:

    1. Meissner’s plexus
    2. Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
    3. Paccinian plexus
    4. Brunner’s plexus

37.    Longitudinally oriented folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach:

    1. Rugae
    2. Plicae circulares
    3. Villi
    4. Lacteals
    5. Folds of Morgagni

38.    Cells located in gastric glands that secrete digestive enzymes including pepsinogen:

    1. Mucous neck cells
    2. Chief cells
    3. Parietal cells
    4. Enteroendocrine cells

39.    Cells found in the gastric glands that tend to have a basophilic basal cytoplasm and an acidophilic apical cytoplasm:

    1. Mucous neck cells
    2. Chief cells
    3. Parietal cells
    4. Enteroendocrine cells

40.    This is secreted by Parietal cells and complexes with vitamin B12 allowing it to be absorbed in the intestine:

    1. Hydrochloric acid
    2. Gastrin
    3. Intrinsic factor
    4. Pepsinogen
    5. Lysozyme

41.    Short projections on intestinal absorptive cells that serve to increase the surface area of these cells:

    1. Rugae
    2. Plicae circulares
    3. Villi
    4. Microvilli
    5. Cilia

42.    Aggregates of lymphatic nodules typical of the ileum of the small intestine:

    1. Lacteals
    2. Peyer’s patches
    3. Laminar corpuscles
    4. Crypts of Lieberkuhn

43.    Cells located at the bases of the intestinal glands that are typically antibacterial in function:

    1. Parietal cells
    2. Enteroendocrine cells
    3. Paneth cells
    4. Goblet cells

44.    Glands within the submucosal layer of the duodenum:

    1. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
    2. Cardiac glands
    3. Seroacinar glands
    4. Brunner’s glands

45.    The epithelium lining the mucosa changes abruptly at the anorectal junction from simple columnar in the rectum to what in the anal canal:

    1. Stratified squamous
    2. Stratified cuboidal
    3. Simple squamous
    4. Simple cuboidal
    5. Pseudostratified columnar

46.    From the hepatic portal vein in the portal canal of the liver, blood travels most immediately to:

    1. Hepatic arteries
    2. Hepatic sinusoids
    3. Space of Mall
    4. Central veins

47.    Lymph is thought to originate in the liver in the:

    1. Hepatic nodules
    2. Bile canaliculi
    3. Space of Mall
    4. Ampulla of Vater

48.    Bile from the Gall Bladder is transported to the duodenum via the:

    1. Common bile duct
    2. Hepatic duct
    3. Main pancreatic duct
    4. Acinar duct

49.    Among the exocrine secretions of the pancreas are this enzyme that digests carbohydrates:

    1. Trypsinogen
    2. Amylase
    3. Lipase
    4. Deoxyribonuclease

50.    The endocrine portion of the pancreas is via cells of the:

    1. Central lobules
    2. Somatosome
    3. Islets of Langerhans
    4. Insulin clusters

51.    Each of the following is true regarding the tunica intima EXCEPT:

    1. It is the innermost layer of the vascular wall of large arteries
    2. It generally contains a single layer of flattened epithelial cells (endothelium)
    3. In elastic arteries it contains subendothelial connective tissue
    4. In large muscular arteries it contains a fenestrated internal elastic membrane
    5. In large veins, it contains a system of vessels termed the vasa vasorum

52.    What is the intermediate filament component that helps maintain the structure and shape of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

    1. spectrin
    2. keratin
    3. actin
    4. filamin

53.    The cardiovascular system is generally closed except for several places in which "leaky" vessels are found including:

    1. Skin
    2. Liver
    3. Heart
    4. Brain

54.    Which of the following cells are considered polymorphs and have lobed nuclei:

    1. Lymphocytes
    2. Monocytes
    3. Basophils
    4. Both B and C are correct

55.    In lymph nodes, B lymphocytes are common:

    1. In the medullary cords
    2. In the capsule
    3. Equally in both A and B
    4. B lymphocytes are not found in lymph nodes

56.    Each of the following are true statements about neutrophils EXCEPT:

    1. Make up approximately 5% of all white blood cells
    2. Cytoplasm contains granules which contain lysozyme and alkaline phosphatases
    3. Are active phagocytic cells
    4. The function of these cells is largely outside of the confines of the vascular system


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Date of most recent update: 06/24/02.   Pages designed, formatted and maintained by Lisa J. Buchanan. Please report any problems or inaccuracies to dba@uscmed.sc.edu ©   This page URL is: http://www.med.sc.edu:89/HISTO/prex2.htm